El Salvador has steadily emerged as a competitive destination for light manufacturing, logistics, and export-oriented industries in Central America. A key contributor to this success is the country’s network of industrial parks, which offer specialized infrastructure, proximity to international markets, skilled labor, and favorable business conditions. Among these, the International Free Zone (Zona Franca Internacional) and several other industrial parks in El Salvador have become pivotal for foreign direct investment and global supply chain integration.

Leading Industrial Parks in El Salvador

International Free Zone (Zona Franca Internacional)

Located near Comalapa International Airport and the Port of Acajutla, the International Free Zone (IFZ) is one of the most prominent and strategically located industrial parks in El Salvador. Spanning over 220 hectares, it is designed to accommodate export-oriented manufacturers, logistics providers, and service companies. Tenants benefit from proximity to the Pan-American Highway, streamlining domestic and international freight movements.

Key industries represented include textiles and apparel, electronics assembly, packaging, and distribution. Tenants like HanesBrands and Delta Apparel have operations in the IFZ, leveraging El Salvador’s favorable trade status under agreements such as CAFTA-DR and the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) with the U.S.

San Marcos Free Zone

Situated near San Salvador, this zone has long been a hub for garment and apparel production. Its urban location offers easy access to El Salvador’s largest labor pool, reducing commuting times and costs for workers. The zone is fully serviced with power, water, waste management, and telecommunications infrastructure, making it an attractive site for labor-intensive industries.

American Industrial Park (AIP)

The AIP is a modern industrial park located in the municipality of Ilopango. It houses several multinational companies in the electronics, automotive parts, and call center sectors. With direct access to El Salvador’s main roads and just 20 minutes from Comalapa International Airport, AIP is optimized for quick product-to-market cycles. The park boasts high-spec buildings, robust security services, and a reliable supply of utilities.

Together, these industrial parks in El Salvador form an integral part of the country’s economic development strategy, enhancing its appeal as a nearshoring destination for North American companies.

Access to Markets, Suppliers, and Labor Pools

El Salvador’s geographic location offers fast and efficient access to the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts within 3 to 5 business days via maritime routes. Air freight from Comalapa International Airport reaches major U.S. cities in less than five hours. For regional trade, the Pan-American Highway connects the country with Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, creating efficient overland shipping options.

In addition to U.S. market access through CAFTA-DR, El Salvador maintains trade agreements with the European Union, Mexico, Colombia, and Taiwan, among others. This favorable positioning is further enhanced by a local supplier network specializing in textiles, plastics, packaging, and basic electronics assembly.

Labor-intensive industries benefit from the urban proximity of many industrial parks in El Salvador, which reduces worker absenteeism and improves operational efficiency. The capital and surrounding departments account for over 40% of the national workforce, making these locations ideal for scaling operations.

Labor Availability, Cost, and Regulations

El Salvador has a young and abundant labor force with over 60% of the population under the age of 35. The availability of semi-skilled labor is strong in sectors such as textiles, light manufacturing, and customer service. Basic manufacturing wages average between $300 and USD 350 per month, significantly lower than in neighboring countries like Costa Rica or Panama.

The country’s labor laws are generally pro-business. The standard workweek is 44 hours, with overtime paid at 100% of the base wage. The minimum wage is sector-dependent and reviewed periodically. Union activity exists but is not pervasive in most industrial parks in El Salvador. Where unions are present, industrial relations are generally stable, especially in export processing zones.

Government initiatives have also increased the availability of training programs through institutions such as INSAFORP (Salvadoran Institute for Professional Training), which offers subsidized workforce development in collaboration with private industry.

Infrastructure: Transportation, Utilities, and Telecommunications

Industrial parks in El Salvador benefit from a growing investment in transportation and utility infrastructure. The recently modernized Port of Acajutla and expanding Comalapa International Airport provide reliable logistics options for exporters. The proposed Pacific Airport and Dry Canal connecting El Salvador to Honduras’ Atlantic coast are expected to reduce transportation bottlenecks further.

Power costs in El Salvador average $0.13 to $0.17 per kWh for industrial use. Renewable sources now account for over 60% of electricity generation, enabling companies to meet their sustainability targets. The water supply is generally adequate. Telecommunications are robust, with fiber-optic networks and nationwide 4G LTE coverage.

Security services are prioritized across all major parks, often including perimeter fencing, private security guards, surveillance systems, and coordination with national law enforcement agencies. Waste management, particularly for hazardous materials, is regulated but manageable, with several certified providers operating in-country.

Tax Incentives and Regulatory Environment

Export-oriented companies operating within designated free zones enjoy a suite of fiscal incentives, including:

• 100% exemption from income tax for up to 15 years.
• No import duties on raw materials, machinery, and equipment.
• Exemption from municipal taxes and real estate transfer taxes.

Incentives are governed by the Free Zones and Inward Processing Law and administered by PROESA (now part of Invest in El Salvador), which offers one-stop facilitation services. These advantages make industrial parks in El Salvador especially attractive for companies seeking cost efficiencies and preferential trade access.

The regulatory environment is considered business-friendly. According to the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index (before its discontinuation), El Salvador ranked well in categories like starting a business and trading across borders.

Lease Rates, Construction, and Operating Costs

Industrial space within El Salvador’s top parks typically leases from $4.00 to $6.00 per square meter per month, depending on building specifications, services, and location. Build-to-suit options are available, with construction costs ranging from $400 to $600 per square meter.

Operating costs are low to moderate by regional standards. Facility management services—including cleaning, maintenance, waste management, and 24/7 security—can cost between $0.50 and $1.00 per square meter per month.

Reliable electricity, water, and telecom services help reduce downtime and ensure compliance with international quality and safety standards. Environmental regulations for wastewater discharge and emissions are enforced but not prohibitively strict, particularly in designated industrial zones.

Logistics and Freight Costs

Logistics costs vary depending on the distance to customers and the type of transport. Average container shipping costs to U.S. ports range from $1,500 to USD 2,500, with door-to-door LCL (less-than-container load) services available through freight forwarders. Air freight to U.S. destinations costs around $2.00 to $5.00 per kilogram, depending on volume and urgency.

Domestically, last-mile delivery is efficient due to El Salvador’s compact geography. Most urban zones are within a three-hour drive from major ports and airports. Proximity to Guatemala and Honduras offers access to suppliers and regional distribution hubs, supporting cross-border logistics strategies.

Tenant Mix and Cluster Benefits

The tenant mix across the most prominent industrial parks in El Salvador includes global names in apparel (Hanesbrands, Fruit of the Loom), electronics (Yazaki, Jabil), and business process outsourcing (BPO) services (Teleperformance). These clusters create shared labor pools, supplier networks, and training initiatives, allowing businesses to scale operations efficiently.

For example, the textile and apparel cluster centered around San Marcos Free Zone and American Industrial Park provides collective access to dyers, weavers, sewing operations, and logistics providers. Similarly, call center and electronics firms benefit from shared training pipelines and multilingual labor availability in urban parks.

The track record of these parks in retaining and expanding global tenants demonstrates their reliability and strategic value. Many firms that entered El Salvador in the early 2000s have expanded capacity, citing infrastructure reliability and labor quality as key drivers.

Conclusion

Industrial parks in El Salvador offer a compelling value proposition for companies seeking to manufacture or distribute goods across the Americas. With strategic market access, competitive labor costs, well-maintained infrastructure, and strong government support, these zones continue to attract global investment. Parks like the International Free Zone, San Marcos Free Zone, and American Industrial Park have established themselves as anchors of the national economy, enabling El Salvador to compete in global manufacturing and service sectors.

As regional and global supply chains continue to shift, industrial parks in El Salvador will play a crucial role in enhancing Central America’s integration into nearshoring and reshoring strategies. With thoughtful planning and ongoing infrastructure upgrades, El Salvador is well-positioned to expand its footprint in global trade.

A Consolidated and Rapidly Expanding Channel

Digital commerce in Chile has not only arrived to stay, but it has also become a consolidated sales force that continues to expand year after year. This is confirmed by the latest NielsenIQ study on eCommerce in Chile, which shows a 12.3% increase in revenue compared to 2023. This figure reflects the dynamism of all digital sales channels, including supermarkets, durable goods, marketplaces, and other mass consumption sectors.

One of the most significant findings of the study is that total product sales through e-commerce already account for 14.7% of overall sales in the country—a figure that underscores the growing importance of this channel in the national economy.

Cyber Events: The Engine of Digital Evolution

According to Maximiliano Narducci, Retail Vertical Leader at NielsenIQ, “This is undoubtedly a significant number that continues to develop. It represents an increase of 1.3 percentage points compared to 2023 and is driven every year by peak sales during Cyber events.”

Events like CyberDay and CyberMonday have become major drivers of digital consumption. They attract thousands of new shoppers with enticing discounts, broad product availability, a diverse assortment, and the convenience of home delivery. These factors are encouraging more consumers to adopt the digital channel as their primary shopping choice.

New Users and Evolving Digital Consumer Profiles

The study also highlights that the growth of eCommerce in Chile has been driven primarily by middle (C2) and upper (ABC1) socioeconomic groups, with the latter accounting for 54% of total online purchases.

In terms of age demographics, Millennials (ages 30 to 42) are the primary users of this channel, accounting for 87% of total digital buyers. This generation, either digitally native or highly adaptable, values convenience, speed, and personalized experiences, all of which have contributed to their loyalty to eCommerce.

Chileans’ Favorite Online Purchases

Among the most frequently purchased product categories online in Chile are clothing (16%), supermarket groceries (11%), and food delivery (10%). Other popular categories include technology, travel tickets, and footwear, each with approximately 9% participation.

The durable goods channel (Durables 1P) has demonstrated strong performance in mobile phone sales, with a 16% growth. Monitors and hair dryers followed, with growth rates of 41% and 33%, respectively. These figures indicate that consumers are not only purchasing everyday products but also high-value technological and home-use items online.

Marketplaces: Leading Platforms for Durable Goods

Marketplaces also demonstrate noteworthy trends. While mobile phones remain the top-selling item, there has been significant growth in less traditional categories such as electric blankets (+371%) and mattresses (+87%).

This suggests that marketplaces are expanding their offerings to meet new consumer demands and that buyers are increasingly confident purchasing bulky or long-term-use items online—items that were previously limited to in-store purchases.

Online Supermarkets: Growth in Grocery and Perishable Purchases

Another channel gaining prominence within eCommerce in Chile is the online supermarket segment. According to the study, grocery purchases increased by 26%, while perishable goods rose by 29%. These types of products, which traditionally faced logistical barriers to digital sales, are now breaking that mold thanks to improved distribution networks, refrigeration systems, and faster deliveries.

Additionally, the personal care segment is also showing strong growth, primarily driven by digital pharmacy sales. This demonstrates that eCommerce in Chile is evolving into a comprehensive retail experience, where consumers can find everything from basic household items to specialized goods.

Durable Goods: 50% of Sales Are Now Online

One of the study’s most striking findings is that 50% of durable goods purchases in Chile are now made through eCommerce. This milestone marks a turning point in the digital transformation of the Chilean retail sector and positions the country as a regional leader in adopting digital platforms for high-value purchases.

Narducci noted: “We’ve moved beyond an eCommerce market centered solely on TVs, cell phones, and electronics. Now, we’re looking at a much more comprehensive online market, one in which all channels are participating. We’re also beginning to see increased purchases of food and perishable goods, with Chile emerging as a leader.”

Regional Comparison: Chile Leads in Mass Consumption eCommerce

Across Latin America, the average eCommerce penetration in the supermarket channel is 4.3%. However, countries such as Colombia (6.9%), Chile (6.7%), and Peru (5.2%) significantly exceed this average.

In Q1 2025, Chile reached a 7.2% participation rate in mass consumption eCommerce, leading the regional rankings. This not only reflects the maturity of the eCommerce channel in the country but also the growing trust of Chilean consumers in using digital platforms for everyday purchases.

Infrastructure and Logistics: Keys to Success

The success of eCommerce in Chile would not be possible without a highly efficient logistics infrastructure. Rising demand has pushed companies to invest in modern distribution centers, order-tracking technologies, same-day delivery options, and last-mile solutions.

Both local and international businesses have implemented innovations such as smart lockers, in-store pickup (also known as click-and-collect), and electric delivery fleets. These initiatives enhance customer satisfaction while also contributing to the sustainability of the supply chain.

The Future of eCommerce in Chile: What’s Next?

All signs point to an even more promising future for eCommerce in Chile. We expect to see greater use of artificial intelligence, augmented reality for virtual product testing, and increased personalization based on big data analytics.

In addition, more secure and faster digital payment options, combined with regulations that protect both consumers and merchants, will support the continued upward trajectory of the digital marketplace.

Conclusion: A Structural Transformation of Commerce

eCommerce in Chile has evolved from being an alternative shopping method to becoming a foundational pillar of the country’s retail ecosystem. Its consolidation across sectors such as supermarkets, pharmacies, technology, and fashion, combined with its leadership in regional mass consumption eCommerce, proves that Chile is at the forefront of digital transformation in Latin America.

With increasingly demanding and tech-savvy consumers, eCommerce in Chile is poised to keep growing, diversifying, and solidifying its role as one of the most important sales channels of the near Future.

Morgan Stanley recently noted that Brazil and Argentina stand out as the Latin American countries with the best investment potential for 2025. A prestigious U.S. investment bank published a comprehensive report highlighting strong economic dynamics and reform momentum in both countries, which prompted this renewed focus. Under the new projection, Chile loses its once favorable position due to emerging challenges that diminish its short-term attractiveness.

Global investors and regional stakeholders should recognize investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina as essential to Latin America’s economic recovery because their future holds both financial promise and structural changes that will establish them as key economic pillars.

Brazil’s Economic Resilience and Diversified Growth Potential

A Positive Macroeconomic Forecast

Morgan Stanley projects that Brazil’s GDP will increase by 2.5% in 2025, thanks to strong domestic consumption and growing infrastructure investments. The optimistic economic outlook depends on strong macroeconomic indicators supported by the Central Bank of Brazil’s effective monetary policy management. The continuous reduction of interest rates is anticipated to drive further consumer purchases and corporate investments, which will generate widespread economic benefits.

Portfolio diversification becomes highly pertinent with new investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina emerging in this specific context. The large population and diversified economic structure of Brazil create strong potential for foreign direct investment (FDI), especially in sectors aligned with international megatrends like digitalization and energy transition.

Brazil’s market potential extends across three main sectors: technology, energy solutions, and natural resources.

The analysis from Morgan Stanley positions Brazil as a strong and varied market, which shows great potential in specific sectors, including technology, renewable energy, and commodities. Brazil emerges as a vital supplier of raw materials because worldwide demand has increased due to green energy transitions and industrial expansion in developing markets.

Brazil holds a competitive advantage because it possesses substantial resources of iron ore, as well as oil and agricultural goods. Brazil’s technology sector continues to grow rapidly while demonstrating dynamic characteristics. Both startups and established enterprises continue to grow their operations in fintech, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence, while drawing investments from venture capital firms and institutional investors. Traditional strengths and digital advancements create a strong investment opportunity across multiple sectors.

Investors interested in Latin American markets will find that investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina present strong reasons for sustained activity, due to the combination of mature industries and growing sectors.

Argentina’s Reforms Spark Renewed Optimism

Macroeconomic Stabilization and Legislative Progress

Brazil’s structural strengths dominate headlines while Argentina receives attention for its ambitious reform initiatives. Morgan Stanley reports that Argentina’s government has implemented practical measures to overcome decades of economic turmoil. The government demonstrated its dedication to institutional and economic changes through the enactment of the “Ley de Bases” (Foundational Law) and its related fiscal measures.

The Central Bank of Argentina has achieved progress toward stabilizing the nation’s macroeconomic landscape. As of May 2025, international reserves stood at $33 billion, which represents a critical achievement for maintaining exchange rate stability. The step-by-step dismantling of capital controls, known as the “cepo cambiario,” has improved investor confidence because it enhanced the transparency and predictability of capital flows.

Investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina have become central to international investor interest due to these recent developments. Despite its historical reputation as an unstable market because of continuous inflation and unpredictable policy changes, Argentina now demonstrates potential as an attractive investment location.

Strategic Sectors: Energy, Mining, and Agribusiness

Morgan Stanley highlights Argentina’s abundant natural resources and key economic sectors as critical assets. The unconventional hydrocarbons found within Argentina’s Vaca Muerta shale formation maintain substantial energy sector interest and provide export opportunities for the future. Argentina stands out as an essential supplier in the global battery supply chain due to its significant lithium reserves and the growing demand for electric vehicles.

The agricultural industry continues to stand as a fundamental element of Argentina’s competitive edge. Argentina functions as a vital source of high-quality soybeans, corn, and beef for international food markets. These sectors have the potential to generate economic growth and fiscal stability when operating under favorable investment conditions.

Chile’s Downgrade: A Regional Contrast

The Morgan Stanley rankings show Brazil and Argentina moving up while Chile faces a relative downgrade. The bank estimates Chile’s GDP growth will reach only 2% in 2025 because of increasing political risks stemming from its constitutional reform process.

Despite Chile’s strong fundamentals, which include low credit risk and institutional reliability, the investment bank finds its short-term investment opportunities to be limited. This change indicates a regional investment shift that benefits investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina, because their market momentum combined with their reform paths provide stronger attraction.

Risks and Rewards: A Balanced Perspective

Argentina’s Remaining Challenges

Morgan Stanley acknowledges that Argentina faces several challenges despite prevailing optimism. Investors face both currency instability and the necessity to maintain consistent policy execution. The government’s initial efforts to build credibility must be followed by continuous reform execution and macroeconomic management to achieve lasting investor confidence.

The bank points out that Argentine assets, such as sovereign bonds and energy stocks, are trading below their true value. Investors who are willing to accept more risk and have a medium-term investment perspective might achieve substantial returns from these assets.

Brazil’s Stability and Growth Foundations

Brazil creates a safe investment climate for both large institutions and individual investors through its economic stability. Morgan Stanley believes investment funds targeting domestic consumer markets and tech sector expansion provide attractive risk-return prospects through combined strengths in scale and innovation.

Investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina can be customized to match various investor profiles by providing moderate risk growth opportunities in Brazil and higher potential returns through value investments in Argentina.

Capitalizing on the New Axis of Growth

Morgan Stanley’s report makes it clear: investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina are establishing a new economic force driving Latin America’s progress. Investors, including multinational corporations and regional venture capitalists, now have a distinctive chance to adjust their strategies.

Brazil stands as a dependable growth engine due to its large domestic market combined with established institutions and varied economic sectors. The combination of Argentina’s reformist momentum and its strategic resources provides an exceptional opportunity for early investors who move quickly.

Entrepreneurs and investment funds active in the region now have several opportunities to penetrate the market due to the evolving business environment. The opportunity for substantial financial returns exists for those investing in Brazil’s thriving digital sector alongside Argentina’s lithium mining industry.

Looking Ahead: Regional Integration and Global Trends

Potential for Bilateral Synergies

Opportunities exist for cross-border collaboration between differing nations. Brazil and Argentina’s potential alignment in trade, energy, and technology partnerships makes the establishment of an integrated regional growth platform strategically feasible. Building shared infrastructure alongside better logistics and standardized regulations will enable companies in both markets to achieve scalability and operational efficiency.

The collaboration between Brazil and Argentina creates investment opportunities in the two countries that should be viewed as elements of Latin America’s regional resurgence rather than separate ventures.

Attracting Global Capital

The region of Latin America is regaining global importance because of geopolitical realignment and supply chain diversification, together with increased demand for essential minerals and agricultural products. The combination of their size, natural resources, and new policy directions makes Brazil and Argentina key leaders for this transformation.

The Morgan Stanley report extends beyond current status analysis to predict regional transitions and global investor patterns. The market shows increased confidence, which will draw substantial capital investments, alongside boosting innovation and generating enduring economic growth.

Conclusion: Seizing the Moment

The investment story throughout Latin America undergoes significant changes as 2025 progresses. The investment opportunities in Brazil and Argentina extend beyond positive economic numbers because they demonstrate fundamental changes that will set the region’s future course for many years.

Dynamic market participants should take immediate action to capitalize on current evolving market conditions. Investors can achieve considerable rewards from Brazil’s consistent growth pattern while simultaneously capitalizing on Argentina’s transformative reforms. Stakeholders who approach their investments with strategic precision and knowledgeable choices will place themselves at the center of Latin America’s upcoming growth era.

By maintaining political stability and implementing robust infrastructure investments alongside progressive tax incentives and focusing on innovation and sustainability, Costa Rica strengthens its appeal as a prime destination for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The country’s improved position in the Global Business Complexity Index demonstrates its established reduction in business barriers and enhanced environment for international companies.

Improving Competitiveness Through Simplicity

Costa Rica’s ranking of 58th in the Global Business Complexity Index 2025, down from 51st in 2024 and 45th in 2023, highlights a noteworthy trend: Business operations in the country are becoming simpler to conduct. The TMF Group’s index assesses business complexity by analyzing 250 indicators in 79 jurisdictions, which account for 93% of global GDP and 88% of net global foreign direct investment flows. The assessment of foundational business processes, including company incorporation and payroll management, along with benefits administration and regulatory compliance, establishes this index as a dependable measure for global market access evaluation.

The regular decline in complexity rankings proves that Costa Rica is successfully advancing its business environment through meaningful reforms. Through streamlining bureaucratic processes, Costa Rica creates a business-friendly environment that attracts foreign enterprises and meets global investment standards.

Digitalization and Regulatory Streamlining

The digital transformation initiatives in Costa Rica have played a key role in advancing its business environment. The government’s introduction of digital solutions for tax submissions and permit processing has greatly simplified administrative operations for domestic and international firms. The reforms achieve operational setup speed reductions while simultaneously improving transparency and accountability.

The streamlined incorporation procedures now enable foreign investors to access the market more rapidly. Improved collaboration between institutions like PROCOMER and the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Commerce (MEIC) has resulted in predictable business timelines and reduced regulatory obstacles.

Expanding Free Trade Zones and Strategic Corridors

The free trade zone (FTZ) system in Costa Rica stands out as one of the top incentives available to foreign investors. Investors benefit from multiple tax advantages within these zones, such as no income tax for specified years, being free from import duties on capital goods, and diminished social security payments. The nation has more than 400 companies participating within its free trade zone regime as of 2024, which create jobs for over 100,000 people while contributing significantly to national exports.

FTZ expansions outside the Central Valley are driving regional development and market diversification. The decentralization of economic activities in Costa Rica helps reduce urban congestion while balancing regional disparities. Investments in trade infrastructure support the expansion through new road corridors alongside improved port facilities and airport modernization.

Key infrastructure projects include:

• Route 32 receives upgrades to create a direct connection between San José and the Caribbean port of Moín.
• The San Carlos Highway enhances transportation links throughout northern areas.
• Efficient international trade operations depend on the modernization process of Moín and Caldera ports.

Costa Rica’s place in the Global Business Complexity Index shows better performance because of strategic national efforts that promote economic resilience and better global trade network connections.

Sustainability as a Cornerstone of Economic Policy

The leadership of Costa Rica in sustainability practices creates a distinctive advantage for attracting foreign direct investment. The nation produces more than 98% of its electricity through renewable sources while pursuing ambitious carbon neutrality targets. Companies entering the market will face more complicated operations when introducing sustainable practices, but these practices match the Environmental, Social, and Governance standards used in ESG investments.

Global investors now prioritize sustainable infrastructure alongside clean energy options and eco-friendly supply chain practices. Costa Rica’s commitment to environmental sustainability protects its biodiversity while establishing it as a progressive business hub, which boosts its standing in the Global Business Complexity Index.

Security and Transparency Measures

Many people fail to notice that Costa Rica’s business environment benefits from both a solid institutional framework and democratic governance. Costa Rica maintains its position as one of Latin America’s most stable democracies, through its minimal corruption levels and strong judicial independence and rule of law. These factors provide investors with a secure and predictable environment that reduces typical political risks found throughout the region.

The government’s implementation of stronger border control measures, enhanced customs operations, and anti-money laundering policies demonstrates its commitment to increasing transparency. These efforts build international partner trust and boost adherence to global standards, which leads to better results in the Global Business Complexity Index for the country.

Talent Availability and Labor Challenges

Costa Rica maintains a skilled workforce with strong representation in STEM fields, but faces talent deficits in certain specialized areas. The influx of multinational corporations into the life sciences, medical devices, and technology sectors has generated a competitive labor market in the country where demand exceeds supply.

Public-private partnerships are funding upskilling programs along with bilingual education and technical training to address this issue. The National Institute of Learning (INA), along with public universities, continues to enhance its educational programs to address industrial requirements. To maintain a favorable ranking in future Global Business Complexity Index editions, companies must address existing talent shortages.

Currency Appreciation: A Double-Edged Sword

Costa Rica retains numerous benefits but also encounters obstacles that threaten its competitive position. The recent appreciation of the Costa Rican colón (CRC) stands out as the primary financial challenge. The increased strength of the currency results in higher export prices and elevated operational costs for businesses that need to change U.S. dollars into colones for their local payments.

Export-focused businesses located in free trade zones stand to face tighter profit margins and lose competitive ground against other Latin American markets due to this economic shift. Policymakers should track exchange rate movements while exploring methods to maintain Costa Rica’s status as an economical manufacturing and service hub.

Connectivity and Transport Efficiency

The logistics network of Costa Rica is becoming better, yet continues to experience operational inefficiencies. The two major seaports of Costa Rica, located at Moín in Limón on the Caribbean coast and Caldera in Puntarenas on the Pacific coast, serve vital roles in trade operations. The logistics network continues to struggle with ongoing capacity constraints and delays.

Costa Rica maintains a sophisticated air transport infrastructure, which includes Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport, to provide international passenger and air cargo services. Costa Rica needs to allocate more resources to road network development and customs modernization to manage increasing logistics demands.

A Resilient Platform for Investment

The steady rise of Costa Rica in the Global Business Complexity Index stems from purposeful initiatives to streamline business operations, alongside efforts to boost economic sustainability and build investor trust. Costa Rica stands as the leading Latin American choice for foreign investors through its distinctive mix of environmental leadership and strong institutions, alongside its political stability and trade openness.

The nation maintains competitive resilience for international business through its proactive reform strategies and infrastructure development despite enduring talent shortages and logistical inefficiencies.

A Historic Step Toward Economic Integration

Through decisive actions, Ecuador and Canada Accelerate Strategic Trade Agreement talks that will transform their economic connection. At Ecuadorian President Daniel Noboa’s inauguration ceremony, both nations signed a mutual declaration that demonstrates their dedication toward completing the awaited trade agreement. The landmark agreement received approval from Ecuador’s Minister of Production, Luis Jaramillo, along with Canada’s Minister of Export Promotion Maninder Sidhu.

The Ecuador and Canada Accelerate Strategic Trade Agreement initiative, scheduled for signing in 2025, intends to boost joint economic growth while creating new export opportunities and establishing Ecuador as Canada’s key strategic partner throughout South America. The move to speed up negotiations demonstrates to the global community that Ecuador and Canada are advancing their strategic trade talks with urgency and shared interest.

A Comprehensive Trade Pact

The negotiation process started in March 2024 and successfully completed six discussion rounds by February 2025. The agreement allows Ecuador to obtain special access to Canada’s market with 39.8 million consumers. Ecuador relies on this market access to broaden its export range and decrease dependence on its conventional trade partners such as the United States, China, and the European Union.

The signed declaration will significantly affect investment and trade, according to Ecuador’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The declaration will strengthen diplomatic and commercial ties between the two countries. The agreement contains comprehensive frameworks for multiple sectors, like goods and services, while also covering investment protection, sustainable development, and e-commerce.

Sectoral Opportunities for Ecuador

The economic landscape of Ecuador shows potential growth across multiple important industry areas. The new agreement eliminates tariffs on duty-subjected goods, which will enable Ecuador to expand exports of floriculture products and processed foods like canned tuna, along with textiles, ceramics, auto parts, footwear, and plastics. Canadian consumers will soon discover Ecuador’s renowned toquilla straw hats alongside tagua handicrafts, which will strengthen their market position.

The Ecuador and Canada Strategic Trade Agreement effort aims to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), since they typically face difficulties with export costs and international regulatory barriers. Removing tariffs will enable SMEs to enter Canada’s profitable consumer market with greater ease. Economic inclusion, along with job creation and innovation, will be the expected outcomes of the accelerated strategic trade agreement discussions between Ecuador and Canada.

Agricultural and Labor Protections

The Ecuadorian negotiation team focused on safeguarding sensitive economic sectors while developing the agreement. The agreement includes special protective measures for small-scale farmers growing rice and producing dairy, alongside those who grow corn and produce sugar and meat products. The implemented measures demonstrate an intentional approach to ensure food security and social equity through free trade principles.

The agreement between both governments will maintain high standards for labor practices and environmental protection. The agreement includes components that support fair wages, safe working conditions, and the promotion of climate resilience. The agreement matches Canada’s forward-thinking trade strategy, which emphasizes both sustainability and gender parity.

Addressing the Trade Deficit

The trade volume between Ecuador and Canada remains modest but shows consistent growth patterns. Between January and November 2024, Ecuador sent USD 269 million in non-oil goods to Canada but bought USD 333 million worth of goods, mainly including capital equipment and raw materials, from Canada. Ecuador faced a trade deficit amounting to USD 64 million.

The Ecuador and Canada Strategic Trade Agreement initiative intends to restore balance to this commercial relationship. Ecuador sends over 200 different products to Canada, which primarily consist of minerals and metals—its leading export category—as well as shrimp, cocoa, flowers, and vehicles. Five sectors represent 82% of Ecuador’s total exports to Canada. Ecuadorian exporters hope that the new agreement will help value-added products find success in the Canadian market.

Strengthening Strategic Investment

The section of the agreement on investment protection stands out as particularly promising. While Canada remains outside the top group of foreign investors in Ecuador, its influence continues to grow with increased investment activity in the mining and energy sectors. The Canadian mining business Lundin Gold allocated $68 million for the expansion of the Fruta del Norte gold mine in 2024, which stands out as one of Ecuador’s major mining projects.

The Ecuador and Canada Strategic Trade Agreement is anticipated to lead to increased Canadian corporate entry into the Ecuadorian market. Investment priority areas are renewable energy, infrastructure development, technological advancement, and agribusiness. The investment chapter will provide legal certainty, which will make Ecuador a more appealing destination for investment from Canadian companies.

Regional and Geopolitical Alignment

Through its pursuit of this agreement, Ecuador strengthens its integration into regional commerce dynamics. For more than 15 years, Colombia, Peru, and Chile have enjoyed enhanced market access and improved investor relationships as a result of their free trade agreements with Canada. Ecuador faced a threat of reduced competitiveness and market share compared to its neighbors without an equivalent agreement.

The Ecuador and Canada Strategic Trade Agreement effort will enable Ecuador to build a strategic geopolitical plan that broadens its global partnerships. This development plays a crucial role in positioning Ecuador as a trustworthy and consistent force in worldwide trade activities. Through its accelerated efforts with Canada to finalize a strategic trade agreement, Ecuador positions itself as a key member of progressive open-market economies.

Tourism, Cultural Exchange, and Professional Mobility

The agreement aims to enrich cultural connections and promote direct interactions between individuals. The agreement contains cooperative elements for educational exchange and professional mobility, along with tourism development. Young professionals, alongside students and entrepreneurs, will experience simplified cross-border collaboration and knowledge sharing.

The agreement’s cooperation and e-commerce chapters aim to update current business methods while promoting digital commerce alongside technological advancements. Small and medium enterprises will gain advantages from Canadian institutions’ knowledge transfer and digital capacity-building programs.

Challenges and Strategic Considerations

Despite the optimism, challenges remain. Ecuador must improve its logistical systems and customs operations while ensuring product standards compliance to maximize benefits from the agreement. Small producers will need technical support and access to financial resources in order to fulfill Canadian import standards.

Canada has to determine how to integrate its emerging relationship with Ecuador while maintaining its existing regional partnerships. The implementation phase will focus primarily on aligning regulations, resolving disputes, and mutual recognition of standards.

Conclusion: A Transformational Milestone

Ecuador and Canada Strategic Trade Agreement negotiations represent a pivotal moment in Ecuador’s international trade strategy, rather than just a diplomatic act. Through this trade agreement, Ecuador expects to unlock its export potential alongside strengthened bilateral investments and improved integration into worldwide supply networks.

The completion of the trade agreement in 2025 between Ecuador and Canada provides businesses, policymakers, and civil society with a chance to develop a future that is more inclusive and prosperous while also resilient. This trade agreement may become a standard framework for upcoming bilateral and multilateral partnerships throughout the Americas, if properly impemented.

In conclusion, Ecuador and Canada Accelerate Strategic Trade Agreement efforts with clear objectives: This agreement aims to strengthen economic relationships while boosting competitiveness and encouraging sustainable growth. By continuing down this path, both nations will establish a new phase of bilateral cooperation that offers potential benefits for generations to come.

The Dominican Republic has taken a significant step toward transforming its logistics and trade infrastructure with a landmark agreement between the Dominican Government and DP World Dominicana. This partnership, centered around a planned US$760 million investment, reflects the country’s bold vision to become the leading logistics hub in the Caribbean and Latin America.

Strengthening the National Logistics Ecosystem

In a recent high-profile visit to the DP World Dominicana facilities in the Caucedo Peninsula, the Dominican Port Authority (APORDOM), led by Executive Director Jean Luis Rodríguez, reaffirmed the government’s full support for the development of the national logistics ecosystem. The purpose of the visit was to gain firsthand insight into the progress made in expansion projects and to discuss future collaboration that aligns with President Luis Abinader’s agenda to boost the country’s productive sectors.

“We must continue contributing and reinforcing the vision that the Dominican Republic should establish itself as the logistics and cruise hub of the region,” Rodríguez stated during the visit. “You have the full support of the Port Authority, in line with the mandate of the President to continue supporting the country’s productive sectors.”

The visit served not only as a show of government backing but also as a platform to share DP World Dominicana’s expansion roadmap and its contribution to the Dominican Republic’s global trade ambitions.

A Groundbreaking Memorandum of Understanding

Central to the partnership between DP World Dominicana and the Dominican Government is the recent signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which lays the foundation for negotiations surrounding the creation of the DP World Economic Zones. These zones aim to integrate a wide array of logistics services, including port operations, manufacturing facilities, and free trade zones, into a single, highly efficient ecosystem.

If fully realized, this development would position the Dominican Republic as the first country in the Americas to feature a logistics platform that brings together industrial parks and free zones with a state-of-the-art port terminal. The high level of integration between these facilities is expected to streamline operations, reduce costs, and elevate the country’s status as a competitive logistics and trade destination.

A US$760 Million Vision for the Future

DP World Dominicana has committed to investing a staggering US$760 million into the realization of this project. This substantial capital injection will cover the expansion of the Caucedo port terminal, the development of new free trade zone infrastructure, and the integration of advanced systems and security technologies to support efficient and secure international trade.

The initiative is not just about physical expansion—it is about reimagining how trade flows through the Dominican Republic. With this project, DP World Dominicana envisions a future where manufacturers, logistics providers, and global traders can all operate from one strategic location, benefiting from seamless integration and world-class infrastructure.

Early Investments Already Underway

In addition to the long-term vision, DP World Dominicana has already made considerable investments to enhance existing operations. From 2024 to date, the company has invested approximately US$66.6 million in a series of initiatives aimed at boosting port performance and security.

These include:

• Upgrades to operational infrastructure to support increased cargo volumes.
• Capacity expansions that allow the terminal to manage more TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units).
• Advanced security systems to ensure safe trade and compliance with international standards.
• Digitalization of port processes, which enables better tracking, transparency, and coordination across logistics chains.

These enhancements not only elevate the port’s current capacity but also demonstrate DP World Dominicana’s commitment to long-term, sustainable development.

A Model for Sustainable, Integrated Growth

“At DP World Dominicana, we are committed to a vision of sustainable growth to strengthen the position of the Caucedo port as a leading logistics hub in Latin America,” said Manuel Martínez, CEO of DP World Dominicana. “We are investing in the development of an innovative model that integrates services such as free trade zones, manufacturing, and logistics, all in one location, to boost the country’s connectivity and competitiveness. We value the support and collaboration of APORDOM, which plays a key role in consolidating the Dominican Republic as a critical player in regional trade.”

This vision aligns with broader global trends, where modern logistics hubs are increasingly adopting integrated models that combine physical infrastructure with digital solutions, creating environments where goods can move more quickly, securely, and with greater efficiency.

Port Capacity and Capabilities

Currently, the DP World Dominicana terminal boasts an operational capacity of 2.5 million TEUs per year. It is equipped with a modern fleet of port machinery, including:

Eleven gantry cranes are used for loading and unloading large containers from cargo ships.

Thirty-two rubber-tired gantry cranes (RTGs) enable efficient container stacking and yard management.

These capabilities position the Caucedo port among the most modern and competitive in the region, enabling it to handle high volumes of cargo traffic while maintaining rapid turnaround times.

The DP World Economic Zones: A Unique Model in the Americas

DP World Dominicana is also spearheading the development of the DP World Economic Zones, which aims to integrate industrial activities, logistics services, and port operations in one cohesive space. This model is unique in the Americas and offers substantial advantages for businesses looking to establish operations in the Dominican Republic.

To date, 150,000 square meters of space have already been developed within the economic zones. Plans are underway to expand this to 220,000 square meters by 2027, further enhancing the country’s ability to attract and support global manufacturers, logistics firms, and exporters.

By centralizing operations within a single geographic area, the DP World Economic Zones reduce logistical complexity and create opportunities for businesses to scale efficiently while enjoying the benefits of tax incentives, modern infrastructure, and proximity to a global port.

Government Commitment to Oversight and Collaboration

Executive Director Jean Luis Rodríguez emphasized the importance of government oversight and active engagement with key logistics stakeholders, such as DP World Dominicana. “This visit reinforces our commitment to the oversight and support of key stakeholders in the national port system. The initiatives being carried out by DP World position the Dominican Republic as a regional benchmark in integrated logistics and secure trade,” he said.

His remarks reflect the Dominican Government’s broader economic development strategy, which includes creating world-class infrastructure and attracting foreign direct investment to strategic sectors such as logistics, trade, and manufacturing.

A Collaborative and Forward-Thinking Delegation

The APORDOM delegation during the visit was composed of high-level representatives from various branches of the Port Authority, including:

• Alan Checo, Deputy Director
• Rolando Martínez, Advisor
• Adonis Modesto, Chief of Staff
• Indhira Corte, Logistics Director
• Moisés Richardson, Head of Access to Public Information

This robust participation underscores the government’s commitment to deep collaboration and transparent oversight in the execution of large-scale infrastructure projects.

On the side of DP World Dominicana, key figures included:

• Manuel Martínez, CEO
• Arlina Peña, Senior Director of Public Affairs and Communications
• Roberto Muñiz, Commercial Director
• Paola Firpo, Legal Director
• Héctor Incháustegui, representing Terra RD Partners

Together, these representatives discussed the future of port development, trade facilitation, and national competitiveness.

Looking Ahead: A Logistics Hub for the Hemisphere

The collaboration between the Dominican Government and DP World Dominicana is more than just a port expansion project—it is a bold move to position the Dominican Republic as a gateway for hemispheric trade. The integration of free trade zones, manufacturing capabilities, and digital logistics into a single ecosystem is a model that could set the standard for other countries in the region.

With continued investment, government support, and private-sector innovation, the Dominican Republic is well on its way to becoming the preeminent logistics and trade hub of the Caribbean and Latin America.

This US$760 million investment not only signals confidence in the country’s strategic location and stable business environment but also promises significant long-term economic benefits, including job creation, increased exports, and enhanced global competitiveness.

As the Dominican Republic moves forward with this ambitious plan, the world will be watching—and many may soon follow its example.