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The Ministry of Economy of Guatemala (Mineco) creates an agency to attract investments

The Ministry of Economy of Guatemala (Mineco) creates an agency to attract investments

The new agency created by the Ministry of Economy of Guatemala will have personnel and public funds to operate starting this fiscal year, according to what was recently published in the country’s official gazette.

Through ministerial agreement 295-2024, the Ministry of Economy of Guatemala (Mineco) created the National and Foreign Investment Attraction Agency, which will be attached to the Directorate of Trade and Investment Services of the Vice Ministry of Investment and Competition, which Antonio Romero leads.

The new unit has been created one hundred days after the new government assumed office and will have an assignment of the personnel and advisors required to fulfill the designated functions. The agreement does not specify the profile of the professional who will direct the agency above. This talent is required, how much their salary will be, or what the external capital goals to attract are.

What will the director of the new agency do?

The agreement mentions the powers the agency established by the Ministry of Economy of Guatemala will carry out. It highlights that its main objective is to coordinate institutional efforts to attract direct foreign investment to Guatemala to stimulate economic and social development and generate employment and opportunities for the population.

It is also highlighted that the new agency will have the power to encourage and promote investments, investment intelligence, and assistance to investors in coordination with the other directorates, bodies, and agencies of the Ministry of Economy of Guatemala.

The agency will also have a series of powers to develop, among which the following stand out:

  • Develop and approve the Multiannual Investment Promotion and Attraction Strategies.
  • Actively promote Guatemala internationally to attract investment, attending events related to prioritized sectors and products.
  • Promote the simplification of administrative procedures related to the foreign direct investment process in the country.
  • Advise potential investors regarding the development and search for investment opportunities and the procedures that must be completed to start or expand operations.
  • Provide support services to investors from when they show interest in visiting the country until the evaluation, filing, and investment process.
  • Provide technical assistance, professional advice, and support in attracting investment.
  • Establish registration and statistical control of national and foreign investments.

The agreement does not mention anything related to the functions carried out by the National Competitiveness Program (Pronacom ), which supports the improvement of the country’s competitiveness, providing valuable information so that companies can do more and better business in Guatemala, which also serves potential investors.

The Ministry of Economy of Guatemala seeks to diversify the nation’s economic base

“The diversification and strengthening of the Guatemalan economy require a solid strategy to attract foreign direct investment in key sectors such as agribusiness, food and beverages, light manufacturing, construction industry, tourism, medical devices, pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology, communication technology, electrical, electronic, clothing and textiles sector (nearshoring). These sectors represent not only investment opportunities but also the possibility of generating employment and promoting innovation, thus contributing to the sustainable progress of our nation,” Vice Minister Romero declared in a recent statement.

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Investment Opportunities in Guatemala Across the sectors targeted by the Ministry of Economy of Guatemala

Guatemala, the largest economy in Central America, presents diverse investment opportunities across several sectors. Its strategic location, favorable trade agreements, and growing economy make it an attractive destination for investors. Below, we explore investment opportunities in agribusiness, food and beverage, light manufacturing, construction, tourism, medical devices, pharmaceutical manufacturing, electrical and electronics manufacturing, and the clothing and textile sector.

Agribusiness

Guatemala’s agribusiness sector is a cornerstone of its economy, with opportunities from traditional crops to innovative agricultural technologies. Key investment areas include:

  • Coffee and Sugar Production: Guatemala is renowned for its high-quality coffee and sugar, with significant export potential.
  • High-Value Crops: Investing in cultivating non-traditional crops like avocados, berries, and macadamia nuts, gaining international market traction.
  • Agro-Processing: Opportunities exist to develop value-added products such as packaged fruits, juices, and other processed food items.
  • Sustainable Agriculture: With increasing global demand for organic and sustainably produced food, there’s potential for organic farming and eco-friendly agricultural practices.Food and Beverage

The food and beverage industry in Guatemala offers substantial growth prospects:

  • Local Brands Expansion: Investment in expanding local food brands to meet growing domestic demand.
  • Export-Oriented Production: Setting up production units focused on exporting Guatemalan specialty products like chocolate and rum.
  • Innovation in Food Technology: Investing in food tech startups focusing on healthier, more sustainable food options. Light Manufacturing

Light manufacturing is an emerging sector with growth opportunities:

  • Consumer Goods: Production of consumer electronics, household goods, and personal care products.
  • Automotive Parts: Manufacturing components for the automotive industry, leveraging Guatemala’s proximity to major markets like Mexico and the United States.
    Construction

The construction sector is poised for growth due to increasing urbanization and infrastructure development:

Residential and Commercial Projects: Investment in housing projects, shopping malls, and office spaces.

  • Infrastructure Development: Opportunities in public infrastructure projects, including roads, bridges, and public transportation systems.
  • Green Building Technologies: Promoting sustainable construction practices and materials.Tourism

Tourism is a vital sector with vast untapped potential:

  • Eco-Tourism and Adventure Tourism: Investing in eco-friendly resorts, adventure parks, and guided tours.
  • Cultural and Historical Tourism: Developing heritage sites, museums, and cultural festivals to attract international tourists.
  • Luxury and Wellness Tourism: Establishing luxury resorts and wellness retreats catering to high-end tourists

    Medical Devices

The medical device sector offers significant investment opportunities due to the growing healthcare needs:

  • Manufacturing and Assembly: Establishing facilities for the production and assembly of medical devices.
  • R&D Centers: Investing in research and development to innovate new medical technologies and devices.
  • Export Markets: Targeting export opportunities within the Central American region and beyond.
    Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Pharmaceutical manufacturing is another promising sector:

  • Generic Medicines: Production of generic pharmaceuticals to cater to both domestic and international markets.
  • Biopharmaceuticals: Investing in the development and production of biologics and biosimilars.
  • Pharma Supply Chain: Enhancing supply chain logistics to improve the distribution of pharmaceutical products.Electrical and Electronics Manufacturing

Electrical and electronics manufacturing is a growing industry with potential for expansion:

  • Consumer Electronics: Manufacturing consumer electronics like smartphones, appliances, and other gadgets.
  • Component Manufacturing: Producing circuit boards, semiconductors, and other electronic parts.
  • Renewable Energy Technologies: Investing in producing solar panels, batteries, and other renewable energy equipment.
    Clothing and Textile Sector

The clothing and textile sector remains a strong pillar of Guatemala’s economy:

  • Apparel Manufacturing: Establishing garment manufacturing units to serve local and international markets.
  • Textile Production: Investment in textile mills and fabric production facilities.
  • Sustainable Fashion: Promoting sustainable and ethical fashion practices is increasingly in demand globally.

The Ministry of the Economy of Guatemala is pivotal in shaping the country’s investment landscape by establishing the National and Foreign Investment Attraction Agency. By targeting key sectors such as agribusiness, food and beverages, light manufacturing, construction, tourism, medical devices, pharmaceutical manufacturing, electrical and electronics manufacturing, and the clothing and textile sector, the Ministry aims to stimulate economic growth, create employment opportunities, and foster innovation. This strategic initiative underscores Guatemala’s commitment to enhancing its competitive edge and attracting national and international investors. As the agency begins its operations, it is poised to unlock the full potential of Guatemala’s diverse economic sectors, paving the way for sustainable development and prosperity.

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Peruvian Agricultural Exports: Ensuring Economic Security through Global Market Integration

Peruvian Agricultural Exports: Ensuring Economic Security through Global Market Integration

Peruvian agricultural exports are a vital driver in accumulating the country’s foreign currency reserves, significantly contributing to the country’s economic stability and growth. Peru’s unique geography and climate enable the cultivation of a diverse range of high-value crops that are in demand in the global market. The primary Peruvian agricultural exports include coffee, asparagus, grapes, avocados, and blueberries, each thriving in specific regions and contributing substantial export revenue.

Coffee: High-Altitude Excellence

Coffee is one of Peru’s most significant agricultural exports, cultivated mainly in the high-altitude regions of the Andes, particularly in departments like Junín, Cajamarca, and San Martín. The Peruvian coffee industry benefits from the labor-intensive nature of coffee farming, which is well-supported by local communities skilled in traditional farming methods. In 2023, coffee exports generated around $700 million, driven by the global demand for specialty and organic coffee varieties that Peru is known for.

Asparagus: Coastal Cultivation

Asparagus is another major export crop, with Peru being one of the top asparagus exporters in the world. The coastal regions of La Libertad, Ica, and Lima provide the ideal arid conditions for asparagus cultivation. The labor force in these areas is adept at harvesting and processing asparagus for export, ensuring high standards and competitive pricing. 2023 asparagus exports brought in approximately $500 million, highlighting its importance to Peru’s agricultural export portfolio.

Grapes: Climatic Advantage

Grapes are predominantly grown in the Ica and Piura regions, where the climate is conducive to producing high-quality table grapes. The grape industry in Peru has seen rapid growth, with significant investments in modern agricultural techniques and infrastructure. The availability of skilled labor in these regions ensures that the grapes meet international quality standards. Grape exports were valued at around $1.2 billion in 2023, making them one of the top contributors to Peru’s foreign currency reserves from agricultural exports.

Avocados: Year-Round Supply

Avocados, particularly the Hass variety, have become a key export crop for Peru, with major growing areas located in the coastal regions of La Libertad, Lima, and Ica, as well as in the Andean regions of Ayacucho and Huancavelica. The Peruvian avocado industry benefits from a year-round growing season and a labor force experienced in the cultivation and packaging processes. In 2023, avocado exports reached $850 million, reflecting their increasing popularity in international markets, especially Europe and the United States.

Blueberries: Rapid Expansion

Blueberries are a relatively recent but rapidly expanding export for Peru. The coastal regions of La Libertad, Lambayeque, and Ancash offer ideal growing conditions for blueberries, with the industry benefiting from significant technological investments and efficient labor practices. Blueberry exports were valued at $1.4 billion in 2023, showcasing the crop’s rise to prominence in Peru’s agricultural export sector.

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Skilled Labor: The Foundation of Success

The availability of labor to produce these crops is a critical factor in their success as export commodities. Peru’s agricultural workforce is diverse and adaptable, with many regions having a long history of farming that provides a strong foundation of traditional knowledge and skills. The Peruvian government and private sector have also invested in agricultural training programs and technological advancements to enhance productivity and quality. This investment in human capital ensures that Peru can meet the rigorous standards demanded by international markets, thereby maintaining its competitive edge.

Economic Impact: Beyond the Farms

Each major crop contributes significantly to Peru’s foreign currency reserves through direct export revenues and by fostering related industries such as packaging, transportation, and logistics. The economic impact of Peruvian agricultural exports extends beyond the farms, supporting a wide range of ancillary services and creating employment opportunities across the country.

Regional Contributions

Coffee exports, generating around $700 million, support local economies in the Andean highlands, where coffee farming is often the primary source of income for many families. With its $500 million contribution, the export of asparagus similarly drives economic activity in the coastal regions, providing jobs and supporting local businesses. With its $1.2 billion in export revenue, the grape industry has transformed regions like Ica and Piura into agricultural powerhouses, attracting domestic and foreign investment.

Avocado exports, valued at $850 million, have helped diversify the La Libertad and Ayacucho agricultural economy. In contrast, at $1.4 billion, blueberry exports have positioned Peru as a leading global supplier of this high-demand superfood. The cumulative effect of these Peruvian agricultural exports is a robust foreign currency inflow, strengthening Peru’s financial position, supporting the national budget, and allowing for greater economic resilience.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Peru’s agricultural sector is pivotal in ensuring economic security through global market integration. Cultivating high-value crops like coffee, asparagus, grapes, avocados, and blueberries contributes significantly to the country’s foreign currency reserves and is a magnet for foreign direct investment (FDI). Peru attracts investors looking to capitalize on the growing global demand for these products by showcasing its agricultural prowess and commitment to quality. The success of Peru’s agricultural exports is underpinned by a skilled and adaptable labor force supported by government initiatives and technological advancements. Furthermore, the economic impact extends beyond the farms, creating employment opportunities and fostering ancillary industries. With each major crop making substantial contributions to Peru’s foreign currency reserves, the country’s financial position is bolstered, allowing for greater economic resilience and stability. These crops’ cultivation and export drive economic growth and position Peru as a key player in the global agricultural market, attracting investment and facilitating sustainable development.

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The Emergence of Bucaramanga as a Leader in the Colombian Tech Sector

The Emergence of Bucaramanga as a Leader in the Colombian Tech Sector

Introduction

Bucaramanga, a city often known for its pleasant weather and vibrant culture, is rapidly emerging as a formidable player in Colombia’s burgeoning tech sector. This transformation is not just a result of strategic geographical advantages or economic reforms but also due to a well-structured educational infrastructure and a growing pool of skilled labor. In this blog post, we explore how Bucaramanga positions itself as a tech hub and the crucial role of education and skilled labor in this evolution.

Bucaramanga: A Rising Tech Hub

Nestled in the northeastern region of Colombia, Bucaramanga has traditionally been recognized for its contributions to sectors like agriculture, footwear, and textiles. However, recent years have seen a shift towards technology and innovation. The city’s strategic location, governmental support, and robust infrastructure have made it an attractive destination for tech companies and startups within the Colombian tech sector.

Economic Initiatives and Support

The Colombian government and local authorities have implemented various initiatives to foster technological growth. Incentives such as tax breaks, grants for research and development, and the establishment of tech parks and innovation hubs have been pivotal. Programs encouraging entrepreneurship, such as “Apps.co” and “Innpulsa,” provide essential support for startups, facilitating access to funding and mentorship, which are crucial for thriving within the Colombian tech sector.

The Role of Skilled Labor

A critical factor in Bucaramanga’s tech boom is the availability of a highly skilled labor force. The city’s workforce increasingly comprises young, tech-savvy individuals well-versed in modern technologies and methodologies. This talent pool directly results from the concerted efforts in educational reform and development within the region.

Higher Education Institutions supporting the Colombian tech sector

Bucaramanga boasts several esteemed higher education institutions at the forefront of producing skilled tech professionals. Institutions such as the Industrial University of Santander (UIS), Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), and the Pontifical Bolivarian University (UPB) play a crucial role. These universities offer specialized programs in computer science, software engineering, information technology, and related fields, significantly contributing to the Colombian tech sector.

Industrial University of Santander (UIS)

UIS is one of the most prominent universities in the region, known for its strong emphasis on engineering and technological research. The university’s state-of-the-art laboratories, research centers, and partnerships with international institutions ensure that students receive a comprehensive education that is both theoretical and practical.

Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB)

UNAB has a robust computer science program that integrates cutting-edge technology and innovation. The university emphasizes experiential learning through internships, collaborations with tech companies, and participation in international competitions. This hands-on approach ensures graduates are job-ready and can immediately contribute to the Colombian tech sector.

Pontifical Bolivarian University (UPB)

UPB’s focus on innovation and entrepreneurship is evident through its various tech incubators and innovation labs. The university encourages students to develop startups and provides the necessary resources and mentorship to transform ideas into viable businesses. This entrepreneurial spirit is a driving force behind Bucaramanga’s tech sector growth.

Technical and Vocational Training

In addition to higher education institutions, Bucaramanga has a network of technical and vocational training centers that cater to the tech industry’s needs. Institutions like SENA (National Learning Service) offer software development, network administration, and cybersecurity courses. These programs are designed to be industry-relevant, ensuring graduates possess the skills employers demand in the Colombian tech sector.

Educational Infrastructure and Industry Collaboration

The synergy between educational institutions and the tech industry is a hallmark of Bucaramanga’s success. Universities and training centers collaborate with tech companies to align curricula with industry needs, conduct joint research projects, and offer students real-world experience through internships and apprenticeships.

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Research and Development

Bucaramanga’s universities are heavily involved in research and development (R&D), often in partnership with tech companies. These collaborations result in innovations that drive the tech sector forward. For instance, research in artificial intelligence, data analytics, and software engineering at UIS has led to developing new technologies and methodologies that benefit academia and industry within the Colombian tech sector.

Industry-Academia Initiatives

Programs like “Campus Party” and hackathons organized by universities foster a culture of innovation and problem-solving. These events bring together students, professionals, and academics to collaborate on tech projects, providing a platform for networking and showcasing talent. Such initiatives enhance students’ skills and create pathways for employment in the tech sector.

Governmental and Private Sector Support

The government’s support of Bucaramanga’s tech sector cannot be overstated. Investments in infrastructure, such as high-speed internet and tech parks, complement policies promoting digital transformation and innovation. The private sector also plays a vital role, with companies investing in training programs and collaborative projects with educational institutions.

Public-Private Partnerships

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been instrumental in advancing Bucaramanga’s tech industry. These partnerships facilitate resource sharing, funding for research, and the establishment of innovation hubs. For example, the “Santander Innovates” initiative brings together government bodies, universities, and tech companies to drive technological advancements and entrepreneurship in the region, strengthening the Colombian tech sector.

Investment in Tech Infrastructure

Significant investments in tech infrastructure, such as the development of the Bucaramanga Technology Park, provide a conducive environment for startups and established tech firms. These facilities offer modern office spaces, high-speed connectivity, and access to research resources, making Bucaramanga an attractive location for tech ventures.

The Future of Bucaramanga’s Tech Sector

Bucaramanga’s tech sector is poised for continued growth. The city’s strategic initiatives, solid educational infrastructure, and skilled labor force create a fertile ground for innovation. As more tech companies establish operations in Bucaramanga, the demand for qualified professionals will continue to rise, further driving educational institutions to adapt and expand their offerings, bolstering the Colombian tech sector.

Challenges and Opportunities

While the future looks promising, Bucaramanga must address challenges such as ensuring continuous investment in education, bridging the gap between academia and industry, and fostering a culture of lifelong learning. Opportunities lie in expanding tech education to rural areas, promoting diversity in tech fields, and leveraging international collaborations to keep pace with global technological advancements.

Building a Sustainable Tech Ecosystem

Bucaramanga must build a holistic tech ecosystem supporting innovation, entrepreneurship, and workforce development to sustain its growth. This includes educational and industry initiatives and creating a vibrant community that attracts and retains talent. Initiatives like tech meetups, innovation festivals, and collaborative workspaces contribute to a dynamic and supportive tech community.

Conclusion

Bucaramanga’s emergence as a leader in the Colombian tech sector is a testament to the city’s strategic vision, robust educational infrastructure, and skilled labor force. The city’s commitment to fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration between academia and industry has laid a strong foundation for sustained growth. As Bucaramanga continues to attract tech companies and nurture talent, it stands poised to become a prominent player in the global tech landscape, driving economic development and technological advancement in Colombia and beyond.

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Investments in infrastructure in Peru are expected in 2024.

Investments in infrastructure in Peru are expected in 2024.

Meeting financial commitments, recovering political stability, and complete legal trust and certainty are essential for attracting investments in infrastructure in Peru, indicated the global law firm DLA Piper.

Investment in infrastructure in Peru is crucial for the country’s progress because it improves citizens’ quality of life and strengthens the nation’s economy. For the present year, Peru expects to achieve 3% growth in its gross domestic product (GDP), according to the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF).

To meet this goal, investment in infrastructure in Peru is essential since several projects in the country’s portfolio are being promoted. One is the New San Juan de Marcona Port Terminal (US$ 405 million), and another is the Peripheral Road Ring (US$ 3.4 billion), significantly impacting Peru’s economic development.

In addition, it is anticipated that several important projects will be awarded this year: the Huancayo – Huancavelica Railway (US$ 394 million), the Longitudinal de la Sierra Section 4 (US$ 1,2 billion), 15 electricity sector projects valued at US$ 900 million, and the Puerto Maldonado Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with an investment of US$ 98 million, among others.

The Port of Chancay will be operational by year’s end

According to Cosco Shipping, the Chancay port mega-project will be inaugurated in November of 2024, driving the economy. Even Lima Airport Partners (LAP) commented that in December, the new infrastructure of the Jorge Chávez International Airport will be in operation.

Included among other recent investments in infrastructure in Peru are the following projects:

  • Lima Metro Expansion: The Lima Metro has been undergoing expansion to alleviate traffic congestion in the capital city. Additional lines and stations were being constructed to enhance public transportation.
  • Chavimochic Irrigation Project: This project aimed to expand irrigation infrastructure in the northern coastal region of Peru, facilitating agricultural development and water management.
  • Southern Peru Highway: Efforts were ongoing to improve the road network in southern Peru, connecting remote communities and enhancing transportation efficiency.
  • Renewable Energy Projects: Peru has been investing in renewable energy infrastructure, including wind and solar farms, to diversify its energy sources and reduce dependency on fossil fuels.
  • Ports and Airports: Upgrades to ports and airports, such as the expansion of the Port of Callao and improvements to Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima, were also underway to accommodate increasing trade and tourism demands.

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Investments in infrastructure in Peru are of critical importance

According to Carlos Núñez, partner at DLA Piper, Peru is an attractive country to invest in infrastructure projects.

“In the last year, some prolonged public infrastructure projects have been gradually reactivated, and projects that were pending in the pipeline for a long time have been relaunched. Even this year, some important awards have already been made,” Núñez said.

However, he also pointed out that this trend must be sustained, not circumstantial. He highlighted that the Peruvian Government has fulfilled its long-term payment commitments in co-financed Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects, which should make it possible to finance new public infrastructure works despite political uncertainties and, in some cases, the lack of a reliable legal framework in the country.

He added that continuing to meet the financial commitments made, recovering political stability, and complete legal trust are extremely important given the new investments in infrastructure in Peru that are necessary to make in the country.

In this context, DLA Piper, a global firm with a presence in more than 40 countries, was the organizer of Peru’s Investment Summit 2024. This event brought together various Peruvian and foreign organizations and individuals interested in the country’s economy to debate the topic of “Infrastructure for development: challenges and opportunities for investment in Peru.” The event was held on April 25th.

Peru is at a critical point in its development

In conclusion, Peru stands at a critical juncture in its journey toward economic advancement, with investments in infrastructure poised to play a pivotal role in shaping its trajectory. The commitment shown by the Peruvian government to meeting its financial obligations and fostering a conducive environment for investment underscores the nation’s determination to propel its infrastructure sector forward. As Carlos Núñez of DLA Piper highlighted, sustaining this momentum is imperative, ensuring that progress in infrastructure development remains robust and enduring. Against a backdrop of global uncertainties and evolving political landscapes, maintaining trust and stability within the legal framework becomes paramount to attracting the necessary investments in infrastructure in Peru. The recent Investment Summit 2024, organized by DLA Piper, serves as a testament to the collective efforts to unlock the full potential of Peru’s infrastructure landscape, offering a platform for dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders. With a diverse portfolio of projects spanning transportation, energy, and urban development, Peru is primed to harness the transformative power of infrastructure investments, driving inclusive growth and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens. As the nation looks ahead to a future of sustainable development and prosperity, investments in infrastructure will continue to serve as the bedrock upon which Peru’s economic success is built, cementing its position as an attractive destination for global investors seeking opportunities in Latin America.

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Investments in Chile translate economic potential into real growth

Investments in Chile translate economic potential into real growth

Chile intends to energize investment processes in the South American country for international companies in the coming months. This effort to promote foreign direct investments in Chile  is being undertaken so that the country’s economic potential can be translated into a genuine offer to demonstrate the great value of the Andean nation as a reliable and lucrative “trading partner.”

Corfo is Chile’s industrial promotion agency

This is one of the tasks of the Production Promotion Corporation (Corfo), whose vice president, Claudio Maggi,  recently participated in the Chile Summit Europe 2024, organized at the Spanish Confederation of Business Organization’s (CEOE) headquarters in Madrid. The purpose of the meeting was to strengthen efforts to deepen the scope of economic and investment relations between Spain and Chile.

The mission of Corfo, the agency of the Government of Chile, is to promote national production and regional economic growth, which is why it is immersed in different activities such as the Chile Summit Europe 2024 to present investors with the offer of possibilities ” for investments in Chile that are quite unique.

“We need global companies to take note of opportunities in Chile and help us become a relevant actor in the task of ecological transition, to have a more sustainable industrial base,” he said in an interview with Europa Press.

In some sectors, such as natural resources such as lithium, green hydrogen, or copper, which are essential for the ecological transition, Chile aspires to achieve horizontal relationships with partners such as Spain, achieving “mutual benefit.”

Streamline project permits for investments in Chile

Chile has “a lot of legal certainty” and “robust” institutions in its favor, as highlighted by the vice president of Corfo. The country does have to, however, still resolve some issues regarding bureaucracy. The Ministry of Economy is “fully focused” on this effort.

“Altering, updating, and streamlining legislation is not easy since new requirements are added to the old ones, and there has not been a cleanup of what is redundant, among other things, due to the fragmented nature of the current bureaucracy,” commented Maggi.

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To advance in this circumstance and accelerate investments in Chile, the Government is developing new legislation to make progress related to sectoral and environmental permits. “Our great challenge now is to modernize and strengthen our public apparatus, and that with this muscle, we can accompany this increase in investments in Chile in a good way,” said the vice president of Corfo.

Another of Chile’s challenges is infrastructure, a fundamental issue to improve the country’s connectivity, with aspects such as the renewal of the maritime fleet, which is one of the sectors expected to adopt green hydrogen the earliest.

Lithium leadership

Investments in Chile, particularly in the lithium sector, can generate great prosperity for the country. The fact that this will not only benefit the investing companies is why Corfo and the Government are betting on opening the door to public and private collaboration through the National Lithium Strategy.

“We have the possibility of participating in the lithium revolution, taking global leadership,” asserted Maggi, who has encouraged companies “with knowledge in lithium operations and the lithium market” to form alliances to develop this industry and make investments in Chile.

In conclusion, Chile stands at a significant economic transformation threshold, poised to leverage its abundant natural resources and institutional robustness into a beacon of investment opportunity. The efforts to increase investments in Chile, spearheaded by entities like the Production Promotion Corporation (Corfo), reflect the Andean nation’s commitment to positioning itself as an attractive destination for foreign direct investment. By showcasing its potential across various sectors, from lithium to green hydrogen and copper, Chile aims to bolster its economy and play a pivotal role in global sustainability initiatives. Despite challenges such as bureaucratic hurdles and infrastructural needs, the Chilean Government’s proactive stance in modernizing legislation and infrastructure underscores its dedication to facilitating a conducive environment for investment. Moreover, the emphasis on public-private collaboration, exemplified by initiatives like the National Lithium Strategy, highlights Chile’s recognition of the importance of partnership in driving innovation and prosperity. As the nation continues to streamline processes and foster strategic alliances, it is well-positioned to harness the full spectrum of its economic potential, becoming not only a lucrative trading partner but also a leader in shaping the future of sustainable industry. With a clear vision and concerted efforts, Chile is poised to translate its economic aspirations into tangible growth and establish itself as a beacon of opportunity on the global stage.

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The IMMEX program in Mexico

The IMMEX program in Mexico

Porfirio Waters
CEO
The Trade Flex Group
McCallen, Texas
pilo@trade-flex.com

LATAM FDI: Today, we have Porfirio Waters with us. Porfirio is the CEO of a company based in McAllen, Texas. It’s called Trade Flex Shelter Services. Today, we will have a conversation about the IMMEX program in Mexico. Welcome, Porfirio. Please tell us about yourself and your company.

Porfirio Waters: Hi, Steven. Thank you for the introduction. My name is Pilo Waters, and I’m the CEO of Trade Flex Shelter Services, or better, the Trade-Flex Group. We specialize in business model analysis, manufacturing management strategies, duty tariff optimization, compliance management, and any regulatory consultation for businesses trying to do a soft landing in Mexico. That’s what our core competency is. We ensure that companies that utilize the IMMEX program in Mexico can succeed. Customer success is critical to us. We also make sure that their cross-border operations are efficient, compliant, and cost-effective,

LATAM FDI: Well, today, we’re going to concentrate on a particular issue, the IMMEX program in Mexico; it is particular to Mexico and its Maquiladora Industry. Porfirio, can you tell us what the IMMEX program in Mexico is? How does it function to promote foreign investment and export-oriented manufacturing?

Porfirio Waters: Well, thank you. The IMMEX program in Mexico is an acronym. It stands for the Manufacturing Industry, Maquiladora, and Export Service. The IMMEX program in Mexico was initially started as the maquiladoras in the old days. Everybody is familiar with the term maquiladora, which was initially established in 1964. Back then, it was called the Fomento a la Industria Maquiladora. It was changed to the IMMEX program in Mexico in 2006. They changed the scheme, making it more modern and more involved with the fiscal aspects of companies to make them more of a bonafide Mexican legal entity. The Maquiladoras, before 1964, were created because the Bracero program ended, and the Mexican government had to produce a way to attract foreign investment.

The primary purpose of the IMMEX Program in Mexico is to allow foreign-based manufacturers to import raw material components into Mexico and process them into manufactured goods for export. Under IMMEX, the benefit is that you can do this without paying any import duties and some of the taxes involved in Mexico. The IMMEX Program in Mexico helps companies with taxes, duties, and things like that, especially countervailing duties and value-added tax.

Mexico does have a value-added tax system, so you get the benefit of avoiding it.

LATAM FDI: As an expert in the IMMEX program in Mexico and dealing with companies that invest in the country to do export-oriented manufacturing, your business plays an active role in guiding companies through the process of getting the IMMEX designation. Is that correct?

Porfirio Waters: Yes, that is correct. We’re involved at the beginning with companies when they are engaged in doing their business planning, their cost models, and things like that. We also help them go through all the steps involved, which can become pretty complicated. They are dealing with a foreign country, so they must understand Mexican tax and business laws and how to structure the entity. We help clients from the very beginning to structure the entity, comply with all the regulatory requirements, and analyze their business model to ensure success. Not all projects are made for the IMMEX program in Mexico. We want to ensure that all clients are successful, and because of this, we want to participate in the due diligence process. Also, as a licensed federal customs broker, I can look at duty strategies, especially in a multinational environment, because many components come from Asia or other countries. We look at the business model to ensure that the goods companies make in Mexico meet substantial transformation requirements. With what’s going on with China in particular, this is very important.

So, we help customers analyze that. We file customers’ rulings on their behalf just so that when they begin operations under the IMMEX program in Mexico, they’re very secure in the decisions that they’ve made. This is because some of these decisions are very expensive and long-term decisions. We help them with all of that.

LATAM FDI: You made a distinction, and you mentioned that you look at a company that you look at, a company, and the IMMEX program makes sense for them and not for others. Can you tell which types of companies it makes sense for and which companies it doesn’t make sense for?

Porfirio Waters: Well, most importantly, the companies that it makes sense for are the ones that can benefit from the labor costs because the majority of savings in Mexico comes from labor. Most expenses are greater in Mexico than in the US. The actual savings is in labor. We see a lot of companies that may come to Mexico with only a 13-employee operation or 15-employee operation. They may already need help in the US to be profitable. They think that by coming into Mexico, they’re going to be profitable all of a sudden. They do not have the labor content required to benefit from being in Mexico. For example, the electricity, utilities, and rent might be more expensive than they’re used to paying in the US. They sometimes discover this after they’ve already launched their project. Then, once they decide to go to Mexico, it’s different from the US, where you can furlough and lay off people. Mexico has stringent laws that protect the workers, where companies have to indemnify them and liquidate them entirely off your payroll before they can let them go. Those are some of the factors that are involved.

Another common issue is that some customers may think they will bring a semi-knock-down product into Mexico, assemble it, or do the finishing operation in Mexico and then with Chinese components. For example, they intend to get it into the US but must pay duties because it is not considered a Mexican-made product.

We see a lot of companies that come in under the IMMEX program in Mexico that need to do their due diligence for the substantial transformation correctly. They come in, make the investment, and import all the components and raw materials. Then, when they export their product, they find out that, Oh, my gosh, I still have to pay the Chinese tariffs, or I have to pay extra duties or dumping duties. Those are the two main things that I see.

LATAM FDI: Are there any specific requirements or criteria for companies to qualify for the IMMEX program in Mexico?

Porfirio Waters: Yes, there are. The most important thing to cover is that to become certified as IMMEX or get approval for the IMMEX program in Mexico, you have to meet a lot of the tax requirements. The first requirement is to have a minimum of $500,000 of finished goods annually. That’s the first requirement. The second requirement to participate in the program is that you must comply with all the fiscal responsibilities that the government requires. Those could be very demanding. There’s a lot of them. Companies have to register with the IRS. They have to register their tax ID number. Also, they must register to import into the United States.

Additionally, they must incorporate their companies. Companies must have their incorporation issued by a notary public. They must also have a very specific contract about how they will operate, their customer, and the entities involved in the transaction. Then, of course, since under the IMMEX program in Mexico, companies are only allowed to import the goods temporarily, and they have to be returned, they have strict inventory guidelines that must be followed.

Everything that’s imported has to be returned within a certain period. It’s 18 months. Some operations, like textiles or sensitive goods, might take six months. Then, the government established a company as an authorized economic operator (OEA), so that’s important. You have to get an additional certification under the OEA to get some of these benefits.

LATAM FDI: What was that term you just mentioned, OEA? Tell us a bit about it.

Porfirio Waters: OEA is Mexico’s security program, which is similar to the Customs, Trade, and Partnership Program (C-TPAT) that we have in the United States. Companies have to comply with some security guidelines and criteria. They have to prepare their procedures manuals, et cetera, and submit them to the government, and then the government gives authorization and makes sure that they comply with it. It takes about a year to get it. Once you comply, you will receive a gold card that you can use for many other benefits that are available under the IMMEX Program in Mexico.

LATAM FDI: Can you elaborate on any incentives provided to companies under IMMEX to encourage them to participate? You just mentioned the… What is it again? OEA?

Porfirio Waters: Companies have fewer customs inspections under the Authorized Economic Operator program (known in Mexico as OEA). The Mexican government treats OEA companies better than those that are not OEA. OEA companies can keep goods in the country longer than ]]those organizations that are not OEA-certified. Also, regarding the IVA or VAT tax, if a company files for refunds or wishes to avoid payment, it facilitates the administration of your value-added tax, which is 16% in Mexico. Those are the main benefits of being an Authorized Economic Operator.

LATAM FDI: What evidence of data exists regarding the effectiveness of the IMMEX program in Mexico in attracting foreign direct investment to Mexico and promoting economic growth? Has IMMEX been a catalyst for a lot of foreign direct investment?

Porfirio Waters: Well, if you look at the numbers, they speak for themselves. From the program’s first inception in 1964, there were only twelve maquiladoras. Today, there are over six thousand. Employment is getting close to reaching three million employees. Those are huge results of the success of the program. The main success of it is that once you’re an IMMEX company, you’re given a lot of liberties that a typical Mexican company would not have from a tax point of view and also mainly from a customs duty point of view. The Mexican duty rates, on average, can be 15 %. They were lowered when Mexico participated in the GATT program. Last year, they increased their 15 % to 25%, and then just recently, they increased from 25 % to 55 % on some aluminum products. Some duties are higher than you are accustomed to in the US or other countries. The IMMEX program in Mexico helps manufacturers avoid all that. You can avoid the duties, you can avoid the IVA, and then you can avoid some of the other requirements that a Mexican national company may have regarding fiscal responsibilities.

Now, with the IMMEX in Mexico, the structure or the scheme was implemented in 2006. From 1965 to 2006, we worked under the strictly maquiladora regime. Then 2006, when it was changed to the IMMEX program in Mexico, they added many more fiscal responsibilities. There’s just a tremendous amount of benefit to using the IMMEX program itself. However, companies must comply and meet the program’s requirements to keep it in force and stay compliant.

LATAM FDI: Have there been any recent developments or changes that have impacted the relevance of the program that you just mentioned?

Porfirio Waters: Well, the biggest one I’ve seen is the friend shoring. Another way to call it is nearshoring, but I like to call it friend-shoring. Through this, companies can bring their supply chain closer. Often, they move it out of an Asian country and into Mexico, which is a friendly neighbor. It’s very beneficial. It’s helpful. The trend is that many companies are trying to move their supply chain, which is the reverse of what they did in 2005. They are trying to bring production back from Asia back to North America. That’s been the most significant catalyst that we’ve seen. The other thing that added a little bit of fuel to the fire was in 2018 when the Trump tariffs were levied on China, and companies had to pay a 25% duty on top of the regular duty they were already paying. This made it hard to do business. They looked to Mexico as a potential solution to that issue. Again, it is a solution, and it works great. Companies must do the due diligence required on the substantial transformation study.

LATAM FDI: Beyond the IMMEX program in Mexico, what other trends should companies considering setting up operations in Mexico be aware of?

Porfirio Waters: Mexico has thirteen free trade agreements with fifty countries besides the duty liabilities that are diminished or eliminated. Mexico has grown tremendously. We’ve seen it in their Peso, how it’s appreciated. It’s been like a shooting star here this last year. Companies have a tremendous opportunity to use it to export back into the United States and to Europe, Central America, South America, and other countries. Even some Asian countries have trade agreements with Mexico now. There’s a tremendous opportunity in Mexico. I mentioned the substantial transformation issue. Some benefits can be derived from manufacturing your product in Mexico versus being made in China or Vietnam. There’s a similarity between languages. Mexico is closer to the US. It’s easy to access. Mexican laws may differ, but they’re much more common to Western law than other countries. Those are the most significant benefits. One of the different things we saw, particularly during the COVID period, was that many companies moved into Mexico, not just because of the Chinese issue with the tariffs but also due to a lack of labor availability in the United States.

During that period, hiring people and keeping the factories running in the United States was difficult. We saw many countries keenly interested in looking into Mexico as a solution. And a lot of companies were able to do that, and they benefited greatly. As we saw the COVID surge in sales, everybody benefited from it.

LATAM FDI: We’ve gone over a pretty good amount of information.

Porfirio Waters: Yes.

LATAM FDI: We typically find that for people who listen to these podcasts, the information they’ve consumed generates further questions. That being the case, how would someone listening to this podcast contact you for assistance setting up operations in Mexico?

Porfirio Waters: Well, we have our website. Our website is www.trade-flex.com. Then we have Lula. Lula is our host. She will greet you as soon as you come to our website. She’ll ask you some questions, and those questions and those answers come directly to me. That mechanism will collect some information, including your email and phone numbers. We can reach out to those making inquiries immediately. And we also have a presence on LinkedIn. We hope that people can follow us there on Trade-Flex Shelter Services. We post many informative articles about what’s happening and the critical issues of interest. We note if we see any disruptors on the horizon. We try to post information about that to keep people informed as much as possible. We stress essential things to consider, avoiding any pitfalls or effects of business disruptions. We can do a thorough business case study. Performing a rigorous business case study ahead of time is essential and invaluable. When you negotiate any of your nearshoring agreements, if you can use someone like Trade-Flex, it’s beneficial.

When you come to Mexico, especially for the first time, having a good CPA is very important because you must be in excellent standing once in the IMMEX program in Mexico. You’re required to file all your tax declarations on time. Failure to do so could suspend some of your privileges. So, it’s essential to get a hold of a good CPA. Another thing that I suggest is to map out your inventory process beforehand. Sometimes, some people come in to make a quick decision. They need to map out their inventory process, and then they’re overwhelmed with all the customs requirements. We help with those things. The border is an invisible line, and it can be that, provided you do all the planning and the preparation ahead of time.

LATAM FDI: Well, you can take people through the process. What we’ll do so that they can contact you with great ease is in the transcript section on the podcast page; we’re going to have a link to your LinkedIn profile so people can contact you directly. We’ll include your email address, and we’ll include your website. So anybody with any questions that have to do with your expertise can contact you.

Porfirio Waters: Thank you very much, Steven. It’s a pleasure to be here with you today.

LATAM FDI: Yes, likewise. And I hope you have a wonderful day.

Porfirio Waters: Thank you.

Latam FDI: I wish you enormous success.

Porfirio Waters: Thank you so much.